Insulin responds to more than just carbohydrates. Research by Holt on the insulin index found some foods that barely raise blood sugar still trigger significant insulin release. Whey protein is highly insulinogenic. Dairy products consistently score higher than their carbohydrate content predicts. Some artificial sweeteners may affect insulin through taste receptors.
This companion covers going beyond the glycemic index, protein and insulin, the dairy paradox, and practical implications. (3 min read)