Research paper
Nilsson M, Stenberg M, Frid AH, Holst JJ, Björck IM. Glycemia and insulinemia in healthy subjects after lactose-equivalent meals of milk and other food proteins: the role of plasma amino acids and incretins. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004 Nov;80(5):1246-53. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1246. PMID: 15531672.
Why we cite it
Demonstrates that milk proteins — particularly the whey fraction — are potent insulin secretagogues, and that this effect operates through both insulinotropic amino acids (leucine, valine, lysine, isoleucine) and incretin hormones (GIP). Provides the mechanistic underpinning for milk’s paradoxically high insulin response despite low glycemic index.
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