How food volume and water content affect satiety.
What the evidence says
- Rolls’s volumetrics work describes people eating a consistent weight of food, so choosing lower-energy-density foods satisfies that volume with fewer calories — the source says weight, and it does not claim intake is independent of calories[1]
- Low energy-density foods (high water, high fiber) provide satiety with fewer calories[1]
- High-volume, low-calorie foods prevent overeating by filling the stomach[1]
- Vegetables, fruits, and protein-rich foods are satisfying; calorie-dense snacks are not[1]
- Water content correlates positively with satiety, as does serving weight — a whole-food property rather than a nutrient[2]