Hollands 2019

Research paper

Hollands GJ, Carter P, Anwer S, King SE, Jebb SA, Ogilvie D, Shemilt I, Higgins JPT, Marteau TM. Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019;2019(9):CD012573.

Why we cite it

The definitive systematic review and meta-analysis on food proximity and availability effects — Cochrane-level evidence quantifying what happens when food is placed farther away or when fewer options are available. The library's highest-quality evidence for environment design principles. Referenced across 90+ companion pieces as the empirical foundation for proximity-based food environment strategies.