Research paper
Sisk VF, Burgoyne AP, Sun J, Butler JL, Macnamara BN. To what extent and under which circumstances are growth mind-sets important to academic achievement? Two meta-analyses. Psychological Science. 2018;29(4):549-571. doi:10.1177/0956797617739704. PMID: 29505339.
Why we cite it
The meta-analytic reckoning with the mindset literature, and the record that keeps this library’s mindset material honest. Two meta-analyses — one on the mindset-achievement relationship across 273 studies and 365,915 participants, one on intervention effectiveness across 43 studies and 57,155 participants — found overall effects weak in both. It does not erase `cms01` and `cms02`; it places them, and it names the subgroup where interventions may still pay. 176 citations (Europe PMC, 2026-08-31).