Research paper
Pan A, Hu FB. Effects of carbohydrates on satiety: differences between liquid and solid food. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jul;14(4):385-390. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328346df36. PMID: 21519237.
Why we cite it
Provides review-level evidence that the physical form of carbohydrates — liquid versus solid — may affect satiety and energy intake. The hedge is the review’s own and it matters: Pan & Hu write that physical form ”may affect the satiety process” and that liquid carbohydrates ”generally” and ”in general” produce less satiety than solid. The key insight is that compensation for liquid calories is incomplete: people do reduce subsequent intake somewhat after drinking calories, but not enough to offset the liquid calories consumed, leading to a net increase in total energy intake over time. Relevant to the project because it explains why liquid calories are a practical target — the body doesn’t adequately account for them.
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328346df36 · PubMed 21519237 · Publisher
Known defects on this page:
- Most reference pages are missing their About the authors section Most of our reference pages leave out the section about who wrote the paper