Research paper
Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Mosca CL, Klem ML, Wing RR, Hill JO. Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. Obesity Research. 2002 Feb;10(2):78-82. doi:10.1038/oby.2002.13. PMID: 11836452.
Why we cite it
Follow-up NWCR study (n=2,959) specifically examining breakfast consumption among successful weight loss maintainers. Establishes that 78% eat breakfast daily while only 4% never eat breakfast. Notable finding: no difference in total energy intake between breakfast eaters and non-eaters — breakfast eating is associated with slightly more physical activity rather than less total food. Cross-sectional design means causality cannot be established.