Research paper
Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereira MA, Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002 Sep;76(3):535-40. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.3.535. PMID: 12197996.
Why we cite it
Large prospective cohort study from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study demonstrating that whole-grain intake — but not refined-grain intake — is associated with substantially lower type 2 diabetes risk in men. Importantly, the protective association is attenuated when adjusted for cereal fiber, magnesium, and glycemic load, suggesting cereal fiber mediates the effect. Relevant to the project’s distinction between whole and refined grains in dietary guidance.