Research paper
Fowler SP, Williams K, Resendez RG, Hunt KJ, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Aug;16(8):1894-1900. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.284.
Why we cite it
Epidemiological data showing that artificial sweetener use was associated with more weight gain, not less. It draws on the San Antonio Heart Study (n = 5,158; 7–8 years of follow-up) and reports a dose-response gradient. It is observational and cannot prove causation; the dose-response relationship and the adjustment for baseline BMI make simple reverse causation a less likely explanation.
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