Research paper
Dirlewanger M, di Vetta V, Guenat E, Battilana P, Seematter G, Schneiter P, Jéquier E, Tappy L. Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat overfeeding on energy expenditure and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy female subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Nov;24(11):1413-8. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801395. PMID: 11126336.
Why we cite it
Provides direct experimental evidence that macronutrient composition matters for refeed-day effectiveness: carbohydrate overfeeding raises both leptin and energy expenditure, while fat overfeeding does neither. Also demonstrates that the leptin and metabolic effects are dissociated, suggesting independent mechanisms.