Research paper
Cummings DE, Frayo RS, Marmonier C, Aubert R, Chapelot D. Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;287(2):E297-304. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00582.2003
Why we cite it
Demonstrates that ghrelin rises before meals even when external time and food cues are removed, supporting ghrelin as an endogenous hunger signal rather than merely a conditioned anticipatory response. The 5-minute sampling resolution and cue-free design make this a key paper for understanding the physiological basis of hunger waves.
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00582.2003 · PubMed 15039149 · Publisher